Punjab Passes Bill Raising Concerns Over Secret Terror Trials
The Punjab provincial assembly approved legislation allowing for concealed identities of legal personnel and secret hearing locations, prompting calls for procedural safeguards.
The Punjab provincial assembly in Pakistan passed a new amendment to the Anti-Terrorism Act on August 31, 2026. According to GN geopolitics/terror (en-US), the legislation permits government officials to designate specific cases as having special security requirements. Under these provisions, the identities of judges, prosecutors, police officers, witnesses, and defense lawyers may be withheld from defendants.
The bill also allows for proceedings to be held at undisclosed locations or via video links from prisons. Human Rights Watch stated that while protecting witnesses is essential, such measures must not compromise the right to a fair trial. The organization advised the provincial governor to return the bill to the assembly for revision to ensure it meets international due process standards.
Legal Concerns Over Secrecy
Critics argue that the proposed secrecy could impair defendants' ability to prepare an effective appeal. Human rights groups and opposition leaders have expressed concern that vaguely defined authorities could be used against political opponents or peaceful protesters. The Punjab government defended the move as necessary to combat militant groups, citing inadequate witness protection as a barrier to successful prosecutions.
International Standards and Precedents
Pakistan’s Constitution and its obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights guarantee fair and public hearings. The United Nations Human Rights Committee has warned against "faceless" judges in counterterrorism proceedings, noting that such secrecy undermines tribunal independence. Human Rights Watch has previously opposed similar overbroad powers, including the 2014 Protection of Pakistan Ordinance, due to threats to fundamental rights.
Path Forward for Reform
Experts recommend that restrictions on trial transparency be necessary, proportionate, and subject to independent scrutiny. The Punjab government is urged to hold broad consultations with legal advocates to develop protections based on demonstrable risks. Justice for victims of terrorism, according to rights advocates, cannot be achieved by denying others their right to a fair defense.
